基于CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜结构的高双折射光子晶体光纤的色散与损耗控制

基于有限元法,设计了一种六边形排列含CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜结构的高双折射光子晶体光纤,分析了具有不同厚度CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜光子晶体光纤的色散及损耗特性.结果表明,含CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜结构的光子晶体光纤在x和y方向均存在基模.当泵浦光波长逐渐增加时,具有相同厚度CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜光子晶体光纤的双折射值逐渐增大,x和y方向总色散先增大后减小且存在两个零色散点,损耗逐渐增大并在可见光波段趋近于零;具有不同厚度CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜光子晶体光纤随CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜厚度的增加,在相同泵浦光波长处,双折射值逐渐减小,x和y方向总色散逐渐减小且两个零色散点逐渐靠近,损耗逐渐增大.通过沉积不同厚度CdSe/ZnS量子点薄膜和选择合适泵浦光波长,可有效控制光子晶体光纤的色散和损耗.     

丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO2纳米晶薄膜电子转移机制

利用超快光谱技术系统研究了在丁胺包裹的CdSe量子点敏化的TiO₂纳米晶薄膜起始时刻界面间电子转移动力学。与之前的报道不同,该实验结果表明:CdSe量子点经过表面修饰后,两相电子注入机制--热电子和冷电子注入得以被证实,即:电子能分别从CdSe量子点导带中高的振动能级和导带底转移到TiO₂的导带。该机制详细描绘了电子在纳米界面间转移的图景。进一步研究发现:热电子注入的电子耦合强度(3.6±0.1 meV)比弛豫后的基态电子注入高两个数量级,基于Marcus理论,伴随着0.083 eV的重组能,冷电子注入的耦合强度值为~50 μeV。     

Superthermostability of nanoscale TIC-reinforced copper alloys manufactured by a two-step ball-milling process

A Cu-TiC alloy, with nanoscale TiC particles highly dispersed in the submicron-grained Cu matrix, was manufactured by a self-developed two-step ball-milling process on Cu, Ti and C powders. The thermostability of the composite was evaluated by high-temperature isothermal annealing treatments, with temperatures ranging from 727 to 1273 K. The semicoherent nanoscale TiC particles with Cu matrix, mainly located along the grain boundaries, were found to exhibit the promising trait of blocking grain boundary migrations, which leads to a super-stabilized microstructures up to approximately the melting point of copper (1223 K). Furthermore, the Cu-TiC alloys after annealing at 1323 K showed a slight decrease in Vickers hardness as well as the duplex microstructure due to selective grain growth, which were discussed in terms of hardness contributions from various mechanisms.     

用CdSe/ZnS量子点提高体异质结有机太阳电池的效率

通过掺杂吸收光谱在可见光波段的量子点可提高聚合物对可见光的吸收,因此掺杂CdSe/ZnS核-壳结构量子点(CQDs)能提高聚(3-己基噻吩):[6,6]-苯基-C61-丁酸甲酯(P3HT:PCBM)体异质结太阳电池的能量转换效率.本文研究了CdSe/ZnS量子点在P3HT:PCBM中的不同掺杂比例及其表面配体对太阳电池光伏性能的影响,优化器件ITO(氧化铟锡)/PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩:聚苯乙烯磺酸)/P3HT:PCBM:(CdSe/ZnS)/Al的能量转换效率达到了3.99%,与相同条件下没有掺杂量子点的参考器件ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:PCBM/Al相比,其能量转换效率提高了45.1%.     

高活性硫化铅电极的制备及在量子点敏化太阳能电池中的应用

为了提高量子点敏化纳晶薄膜太阳能电池的光电转换效率,我们通过连续在酸和多硫溶液中处理铅片制备了对多硫电解液具有高电催化活性的硫化铅电极.通过电化学阻抗谱测试评价所制备硫化铅电极的催化活性,从而确定制备高效硫化铅电极的最佳条件.以在最佳条件下制备的硫化铅为对电极、CdSe量子点敏化TiO2纳晶薄膜为工作电极和多硫电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池.光电性能测试结果表明所制备的电极具有良好的催化活性和光电转换性能.与已报导的方法相比,新方法大幅度地减少制备过程所需的时间,但却提高了所制备的硫化铅对电极的催化活性.通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜测试表征了硫化铅的生成过程,探讨了催化活性提高的原因.     

The influence of Au-nanoparticles presence in PDMS on microstructures creation by ion beam lithography

3D microstructures in pure poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and PDMS with embedded Au nanoparticles were prepared by ion beam lithography without any further etching. Two mega-electron volts helium and 10 MeV oxygen ions were used for ion microstructuring. Parallel lines of 1 mm in length and 10 μm in thickness were fabricated for investigation of the effect of the nanoparticles presence in the polymer on the surface morphology of the created microstructures. The created microstructures were checked by optical microscope. Infrared (IR) spectrometry was used to study the effect of the ions type and fluence on the chemical changes of the material. Atomic force microscopy was used for the fine detail study as well as for checking the microstructure quality. Analysis revealed an increased radiation resistance of the nanocomposite compared to the pure PDMS. Shrinkage is proportional to the fluence, but the maximum value for both materials is limited by saturation. 3D microstructure in modified PDMS obtained at the same irradiation condition as pure PDMS is characterized by its smaller height. Obtaining the microstructure in nanocomposite of the same height as in pure PDMS by increasing the fluence can be impossible due to saturation of shrinkage and/or radiation-induced heating of the material.     

多孔柿饼状BiOBr光催化剂的简易溶剂热法合成（英文）

以硝酸铋和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为Bi和Br源,采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助溶剂热法首次成功制备了多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状溴氧化铋(BiOBr)。通过多种分析技术对分级微米结构BiOBr材料的物化性质进行了表征,并对其在可见光照射下降解亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化活性进行了评价。结果表明,溶剂热时间和PVP的加入量对产物的颗粒形貌和结晶度有显著影响。当加入0.7 g PVP时,120℃溶剂热处理12 h,可得到多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状BiOBr样品。多孔柿饼状BiOBr样品的比表面积为4 m2·g^-1,带隙能为2.64 eV,在可见光区具有较强的光吸收性能,具有良好的可见光驱动降解MB的光催化活性和稳定性。我们推断,多孔纳米片聚结的柿饼状BiOBr样品具有优良的可见光催化性能,这与该样品的较高比表面积、多孔结构、低带隙能以及独特的颗粒形貌有关。     

Micromechanical Properties of Microstructured Elastomeric Hydrogels

Local, micromechanical environment is known to influence cellular function in heterogeneous hydrogels, and knowledge gained in micromechanics will facilitate the improved design of biomaterials for tissue regeneration. In this study, a system comprising microstructured resilin‐like polypeptide (RLP)–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels is utilized. The micromechanical properties of RLP‐PEG hydrogels are evaluated with oscillatory shear rheometry, compression dynamic mechanic analysis, small‐strain microindentation, and large‐strain indentation and puncture over a range of different deformation length scales. The measured elastic moduli are consistent with volume averaging models, indicating that volume fraction, not domain size, plays a dominant role in determining the low strain mechanical response. Large‐strain indentation under a confocal microscope enables the visualization of the microstructured hydrogel micromechanical deformation, emphasizing the translation, rotation, and deformation of RLP‐rich domains. The fracture initiation energy results demonstrate that failure of the composite hydrogels is controlled by the RLP‐rich phase, and their independence with domain size suggested that failure initiation is controlled by multiple domains within the strained volume. This approach and findings provide new quantitative insight into the micromechanical response of soft hydrogel composites and highlight the opportunities in employing these methods to understand the physical origins of mechanical properties of soft synthetic and biological materials.